The Update

How Much Business Debt is too Much

Small businesses routinely require additional capital. Funds may be needed for covering everyday operations during a slow season, or to pay for the company’s growth and expansion. Often, small businesses will take out a loan to procure these necessary funds. However, while debt can be a useful tool for growth and investment, excessive debt can lead to financial distress and, ultimately, the demise of the business. There’s no one-size-fits-all answer for how much business debt is too much, but these factors can help you determine whether your business has too much debt and whether it can take on any more.

Debt-to-Equity Ratio

The debt-to-equity ratio measures the proportion of a company’s financing that comes from debt compared to its equity. A higher ratio indicates a greater reliance on debt and higher potential financial risk. A healthy debt-to-equity ratio varies across industries, but as a general rule of thumb, a ratio above 2:1 is considered excessive debt.

Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)

The DSCR measures a company’s ability to cover its debt obligations with its operating income. It provides insight into whether the business generates enough cash flow to service its debt. A DSCR below one suggests that the business may struggle to meet its debt payments, indicating that the debt level may be too high.

Cash Flow

It’s important to analyze your company’s cash flow when assessing debt levels. Negative or inconsistent cash flow can be a warning sign, as it may indicate the business is struggling to generate enough revenue to cover expenses, including debt payments. Insufficient cash flow can quickly lead to financial distress when carrying a substantial debt burden.

Industry Standards and Benchmarks 

Comparing your business’s debt levels to industry standards and benchmarks can provide valuable insights. Some industries require business owners to take on more debt, and comparing your own debt to industry-specific ratios and averages can help determine if the company’s debt is within reasonable limits or if it exceeds industry norms, potentially indicating an elevated risk.

Growth Opportunities and Investment Needs 

Consider your company’s growth prospects and investment requirements. Debt can be a reasonable option to finance expansion or capital investments, but it should be balanced against the expected return on investment. If the debt level becomes excessive relative to growth potential, it may hinder future profitability and financial stability.

Risk Tolerance 

Every business has a unique risk tolerance based on factors such as industry dynamics, market conditions and the management’s risk appetite. A company with low risk tolerance should aim for lower debt levels to ensure greater stability, while a company with higher risk tolerance might be more comfortable carrying a higher debt burden.

Future Outlook

Consider the overall economic climate and the business’s long-term prospects when considering its debt. If economic indicators suggest a potential downturn, it may be best to reduce debt levels to increase financial flexibility and mitigate the risks associated with economic uncertainties.

If you’re still unsure whether your business has too much debt or if it can handle more, consult a professional, such as an accountant or business consultant.

Debt is often a necessary part of owning a business, but too much debt can be harmful for a business. Use this guide to determine how much business debt is too much.

Rio Grande CU Business Services

RGCU offers a wide variety of business services, including small business checking, business lines of credit, equipment loans, and more. If you are looking to expand your small business, RGCU can be a resource for you, your business, and your employees. Contact us today to learn more.